Literary Figures of Kerala

Arnos Pathiri (Johann Ernst Hanxleden)

German Jesuit scholar in Kerala — grammarian, lexicographer, and Malayalam–Sanskrit poet.

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Arnos Pathiri, born Johann Ernst Hanxleden, was a German Jesuit missionary-scholar who worked in Kerala and mastered Malayalam and Sanskrit. He contributed grammars, dictionaries, and poetic works that stand as early monuments of linguistic scholarship and cross-cultural learning in the region.

Era 17th–18th century

Known for Malayalam/Sanskrit scholarship and poetry

Also known as Johann Ernst Hanxleden

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